European Unions Agricultural Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Unions Agricultural Policy - Essay Example All these formal rules, including the European Union agricultural policy, are aimed in initiating economic change. Along with globalisation which promotes global free trade, the need for trade policies of importing and exporting products has to exacting under trade liberalisation laws. In June 2003, European Union (EU) farm ministers has reached the final compromise reform package has strayed a long way from the original agricultural policy that had been formulated in 1992. The deal confirms the concept of 'partial decoupling', which was introduced this year, although member states have the option of a further two-year delay. The agreement also boosts the EU's rural development ambitions with a deal on compulsory 'modulation'. But although butter and SMP prices are to be cut, milk quota increases are delayed, and the cereals intervention price will remain unchanged (Agra Europe, 2003). With trade liberalization under the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT), hundreds enthusiastically adopted the regional trading arrangements that proliferated since its birth. The success recorded in the liberalization of international trade in the manufacturing sector has thus been matched by a reverse process of ever-escalating protection and subsidization in the agricultural sector. Could these agricultural policies drafted by the European Union promote more benefits or is this just another framework that would lead numerous promotion of selfish interests among bigger nations against smaller agricultural countries Long History Wielding their basic aim which is to increase agricultural production, ensure a fair standard of living for farmers, stabilise markets and guarantee the availability of supplies for consumers at reasonable prices, the EU agricultural policy has indeed come a long way. The pioneering principles of agricultural policy have been set out at Stresa Conference in July 1958., The CAP mechanisms were adopted in 1960 by the six founding member states and two years later, in 1962, the CAP came into force. The former CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) reform of the early 1990s can be viewed as a significant step toward increased economic efficiency in European agricultural sector. The major changes are essentially the introduction of compensatory payments and price support levels closer to long-run expected world prices. These changes essentially apply to the grain sector and, to a lesser extent, the beef sector. The 1990s was a crucial decade because of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations has culminated in new trade agreements, including the Agreement on Agriculture. In North America, the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement was broadened to include Mexico under the North America Free Trade Agreement. The World Trade Organization (WTO) supplanted GATT as the institution overseeing the resolution of international trade disputes and providing the organizational framework for new trade negotiations. The effects of the creation of the new institution and the continuing impact of regional trade blocs on agricultural trade received much attention among the affected policy communities. Several important issues began to emerge that would provide much of the impetus for future discussion and

Bellinger and Transsexuals Essay Example for Free

Bellinger and Transsexuals Essay As we said earlier, there will be no virtual difference for the registrator whether Mrs. Bellinger would have been through surgical treatment at the moment of marriage or not. In the same manner, she will look equally feminine to people on the street before and after operation. The problem lays in her self perception. Acute desire to get rid of the abhorrant organs which (desire) borders with risc of self-mutilation or suicide was invoked by Harry Benjamine as reasons for surgical treatment of a patient. ‘Benjamine patient’ thus requires separate taxonomical niche and might also require medical and in extremal cases surgical treatment which , thus, looks akin to emergency surgical measures applicable to unstable patient. Surgical vocabulary has penetrated the terrain once inhabited by psychopathological terminology. Treatment of such hard cases involving Marginal drive towards unification with other sex by arsenal of intense psychoterapy was rendered futile and changed for more radical, surgical and hormonal technologies. Although, it is within approach of psychoterapy that demand of sex change, which was crucial in disclosure of syndrome itself, was recognized to â€Å"cover over another form of subjectivity that are fundamentally destabilizing. † It follows that emergency approach within which syndrome of expressed gender dysphoria taken at its extremity is only capable of rectification through surgical treatment intended at partial or full removal of secondary sexual attributes posseses not its past persuasiveness. Rather, its thesis about demand for sex change which serves as signifier of the syndrome invites critics on the ground of its Although, â€Å"Benjaminian patient† as a product of doctors and patients dialectical development of â€Å"cohesiveness for a subjectivity [which] constantly [is] under threat of destruction† is very appealing to the law. The law may find its subject in the â€Å"Benjamine patient†. Thus created taxonomical niche entail various legal situations. Earlier, we considered the possibility of Mrs. Bellinger’s actual marriage (in terms of social recognition of their civil union) in case if she would not undergo sex re-assignment procedure and concluded that marriage will be not less socially valid under that conditions. What if in her place was another person who only occasionally cross dress and does not wish to play that social role of woman forever? It is very possible that she would pass the social test and misled the public with its look but the degree to which she really needs that social and legal recognition is, presumably, incommensurable to that of Mrs. Bellinger. In this case, the fact that individual has undergone surgical procedure may testify her commitment to the purpose of ultimate unification with opposite gender (along the lines of ‘Benjamine patient’ approach) as well as underscore the intricasy of her psychosomatic neurosis ( psychopathology approach). In any case, surgical treatment dialigns the group of Marginal transvestites from other, Nuclear ones . And similary to medicine which aids that marginal patients by delivering them from their detestable organs , law is called to facilitate their further socialization into society by resolving the internal pressure they feel as regards inability to lawfully participate in civil unions. That law is called upon to faciliate in internal self development and self apprehension is no new: it has incorporated norms securing the right of disabled and retarded which contribute to their self esteem and facilitate their internal development or prevents them from [the threat] of destruction of personality. But is not it that law pre-maturely intervene into the relations which are to be at first clearified and agreed upon by the medical specialists and only then passed into the sight of law? Whether it us true or not that if there are presently two groups each of which has its explanation on what marginal transvestism is and how it should be treated then law is bound to side with one of those schools since no mutual agreement was developed? ‘Benjamine patient’ is very appealing taxonomical category which directly and logically connect Marginal transvestism (springing from expressedly antipathic reaction to individual original sex) and gender re-assignment treatment (which is deemed to be the only plausible resolution to thus posed problem). But in the eyes of law transvestite which undergone sex re-assignment posseses no single distinct advantage as compared to that (transvestite) which did not been through that treatment. It is gender identity of individual that matters when considering the issue of legislative changes to Matrimonial Causes Act. In this respect, gender re-assignment procedure is not a conclusive step which defines those who are eligible for the right to marriage; it is only one of those steps which are directed by human identity and, through acquiring further visual and material semblance, incrementally lead to unification with desired sex. This road may prove to be infinite. The position of gender re-assignment surgical procedure within the continuum of surgical procedures transexuals resort to allows for observation that transexuals, in fact, are continuously disturbed by abyss between them and ideal feminity (in case of men transexuals) and may never acquire bodily semblance enough to put their mind or gender identity at ease, that is to say that they are insecure in their feminity and their self apprehension is constantly impaired. Thus, it is impossible to render a transsexual somehow belonging to feminine gender solely on the ground of him/her being surgicaly treated. Rather, it is the expressed self apprehension as belonging to feminine gender that could make them what they want to be. This conclusion entails further ones. The most prominent of them is that pronounced desire to be a femine is what transsexual has and ever would have and the aim of the law is to state whether it is sufficient for granting them all rights pertaining to female sex. In context of right to marriage this pronounced desire has to somehow fit into the definition of marriage (marriage is void unless the parties are respectively male and female (Bellinger para 1) or that definition has to be changed because of certain cases which hardly fall within that definition but nevertheless seem to have direct bearing on the marriage. Clearly, transsexual which articulate her gender to be feminine in the marriage tends to have a wife role which will organically consort with other characteristic of feminity she tends to. In Re Kevin (validity of marriage of transsexual) [2001] Fam CA 1074 it was stated that there is no formulaic solution to determining the sex of an individual for the purpose of the law of marriage and â€Å"difference is essentially that we can readily observe or identify the genitals, chromosomes and gonads, but at present we are unable to detect or precisely identify the equally biological characteristics of the brain that are present in transsexuals† But to put right to marriage in direct dependance upon [determining] sex of person seems to be a dead end. The array of cases strating from Corbett v Corbett [1971] P 83 and ending with present case testifies that this approach is hardly efficient. The desicion in Goodwin v UK (2002) 35 EHRR 18 laid ground for re-apprisal of that approach. It reads that the Court found found no justification for barring the transsexual from enjoying the right to marry under any circumstances. Obviously, there are no such impedements springing from the law itself which would prospectively prevent Marginal transvestites from acquiring right to marriage provided that there be a legislative will of Parlament. That the perplexities of that problem partially and briefly stated earlier do prevent House of Commons from passing the bill also seems clear. At the same time, incentives coming out of European court are expressedly painted in colors of progressive and liberative legislative approach. Presently, I belive that formula which will satisfy ‘Europeans’ will involve legislation tending to antecede the resolution of academic debates as regards specific domains of meidine and, in fact, contribute to the progressive and enlighted resolution of those debates. In our case, present state of the law includes some deceptive provisions. It clearly states that parties to marriage are respectively male and female which seems to be consonant with the desire of Marginal transvestites as they tend to artificially acquire ‘maleness’ or ‘femaleness’. At the same time, law and the court do not seem to bother about priciseness of their rendering of that provision. So far, as it occures from the great majority of the cases, the court only have approached notions of ‘maleness’ and ‘femaleness’, construed them to signify biological sex and made efforts to elaborate measures of ascertaining that [original] sex. It is now clear that societal perception of gender does not co-incide with legal one. The court insures the degree of preciseness of that legal perception but apparently, the split between society which eyes Marginal trasvestite and sees a girl, Marginal transvestite which lives and strives to be a girl actually ever-approaching to it, and the Court which eyes Marginal transvestite through microscope and employes all kind of hromosomal tests and technical appliances to disclose that individual’s original and abhorrent side is enormous. Doctors almost at once sided with their patient and developed certain categories (at the beggining ‘Benjamine patient’ and then ‘gender identity disorder’) actually saling transvestites to state as transexuals – taxon compulsory and contigent in itself – which would underscore their unstability at the original gender and destabilizing subjectivity. Another school of medicine tries to buy that category back from the state pointing at the internal incommensurability and incohesiveness of it. It (school) actually speak out that state and society bought the thing which is not what it seems. And it is the time when gender and sex opposition is to reveal fully. As it might be construed from Bellinger case despite her successful effort to approach ‘feminity’ Mrs. Bellinger did not managed to approach ‘femaleness’ which under the present provisions of the law warrant her a right to marriage. Doctors appealed to progressiveness and humanity of legislator so that the latter might confer ‘femaleness’ upon transexuals even if only to save their subjectivity. Unattainable status of, say, ‘femaleness’ is mainly in charge of legal deadend with marriage rights of marginal transvestites. If sex-related approach was changed for gender-related one (first signifies biological sex, second – gender role) within the provisions of the law it will greatly reduce that paintfull dialectics between transsexuals and doctors and transsexuals and law. Though, that changes ought to go with recognition of homosexual marriage. Transsexuals will never agree to register as homosexual family but this will reduce the degree to which marriage right depend on gender re-assignment procedure, which is immaterial to marginal trabnssexuals right to marriage. Number of words: 3558. References: Books: Changing Sex: Transsexualism, Technology, and the Idea of Gender by Bernice L. Hausman; Duke University Press, 1995 The Psychology of Sexual Orientation, Behavior, and Identity: A Handbook by Louis Diamant, Richard D. McAnulty; Greenwood Press, 1995 DNA and Destiny: Nature and Nurture in Human Behavior by R. Grant Steen; Plenum Press, 1996 Journal articles: Transvestism: A Survey of 1032 Cross-Dressers. by Richard F. Docter, Virginia Prince. Journal Title: Archives of Sexual Behavior. Volume: 26. Issue: 6. Publication Year: 1997. Page Number: 589+. Moving gaily forward? Lesbian, gay and transgender human rights in Europe. by Kristen Walker. Melbourne Journal of International Law, June 2001 v2 i1 p122 Paper articles.

Rock And Roll In The 1950s

Rock And Roll In The 1950s Rock and roll set the cultural standard of a generation. The components which comprised the landscape of modern life, and in particular American life, in the 1950s provided not only the backdrop but the impetus for the development of rock and roll and its impact on society. Rigid social rules enforced on a younger generation with more time and money on its hands than ever before sparked a flame of rebellion that threatened to burn traditional social conventions to the ground. It was these factors which constructed the framework for the renovation of social mores that began in the 1950s and drastically changed the social order of the 1960s and beyond. The music which came into being during the second half of the 20th century reflected the dualistic consciousness of the battle between constraint and rebellion which was fought by the youth of the times (Weinstein 94). An understanding of the beginnings of this battleground must start with a look at the nature of the society that preceded it. At the beginning of the 20th century, teenagers and young adults were not thought of as a separate societal group known as youth. Youth was simply a transitional period between childhood and adulthood (Weinstein 94). It was common for young people to be engaged in full-time work before they were old enough to be sexually mature. Post-World War II affluence coupled with changes in labor laws and a need for a better-educated work force meant that young people entered the labor market later and had more free time. Rather than working to help support their families, teenagers spent the money they earned (or got from their parents) on themselves. The post-war economy gave teenagers more disposable income than any previous generation had enjoyed (McDonald 85). Rather than thinking of their youth as a time of training to become productive members of society, many young people began seeing it as a time to live hedonistically for the moment and to rebel against assertions of adult authority (Weinstein 94). Perhaps the most emblematic aspect of this societal segment was its music, which was first known as rock and roll, then merely as rock, and later developed into a bewildering array of different types of rock (Weinstein 91). Rock and roll did not spontaneously generate from nothing as a wholly new art form. Rather, it was a hybrid of blues, dance-oriented rhythm and blues, and country, or hillbilly music (Hill 43). Rockabilly evolved in the mid-fifties, as a white southern fusion of country music, blues, gospel, and rhythm and blues, and provided the musical catalyst which allowed many white musicians to break free of the boundaries of traditional country music and move on to early rock and roll (Friedlander 16). Although the various types of blues and country music were gaining in popularity by the early 1950s, it would not be considered wholly proper for a cultured, urban, middle-class white teenager to listen to or, especially, to dance to this type of music (Hill 43). The pulsating beat of this type of music, and the rock and roll it was evolving into, made it particularly appealing to youth-and appalling to adults. The forbidden nature of this race- and class-specific music made it more compelling than mainstream, white music. It is important to remember that society in the 1950s was very rigidly controlled by the same mind-sets that allowed McCarthyism to take root. Racial segregation and sexual repression were a fact of the 1950s (McDonald 95). Young people living in that most proper decade were yearning to break free, and rock and roll music provided that outlet (Hill 45). Rock and roll music was considered nothing less than culturally subversive by the older, power-wielding generation because it allowed white, middle-class youth to mingle with and be influenced by improper elements such as Negroes and poor white trash (Hill 51). Rock and roll scandalized many white people. The scandal was that white adolescents were adopting black cultural styles and black heroes. This was miscegenation, racial mixing, and was seen as a rebellious act against the dominant group (Weinstein 95). The beat of rock and roll, which made it so danceable, was nothing less than the savage and primitive rhythm of darkest Africa invoking the beat of sexual intercourse (Hill 47). So powerful was the music on the malleable minds of youth that some even considered rock and roll a new form of mind control with dangerous affinities to fascism (Hill 47). This market-driven Negrification of white youth that the new strains of music invoked frightened many of the older generation, who d id what they could to stifle it. Attempts were made to placate the youthful thirst for rock and roll by having white singers like Pat Boone cover the most popular songs, but the driving beat of true rock and roll could not be stopped (Hill 49). A major contributor which allowed rock and roll to sweep the country like an unrelenting tidal wave was the advent of television. The FCC had blocked television licenses for a time due to concerns over technical problems, but in 1952 began granting them again. When television took over almost all the comedy and variety programming that had been the purview of radio, radio stations found themselves with hours of programming to fill-and a new genre of music to fill them with (Curtis 42). Conservative, middle-class parents saw this new kind of music as a threat to their social domination and way of life (Hill 54). No single person exemplified this threat more than Elvis Presley. Elvis was the antithesis of the Pat Boone crowd, a rebel from a poor, working-class family. He was considered both culturally and politically dangerous; his conduct, dress, and music challenged traditional notions of class and race, and arguably, even gender as well (Hill 55). To some, Elviss wild, grinding, abandoned hip movements . . . were reminders of the old spectacular presentations of female sex, like that of a burlesque show (Hill 55). In Elviss first television appearance on the Milton Berle Show, his dancing gyrations caused a public outcry. His next scheduled television appearance, on the Steve Allen Show, was only saved by the instigation of a plan to thwart the offensive hip movements: he sang Hound Dog dressed in formal tails and sang to a basset hound (Shumway 126). When he appeared on the Ed Sullivan television show later that year, he was shown only from the waist up, per Sullivans edict. Elvis seemed to epitomize the idea that rock and roll had sexualized teenagers, causing them to become addicted to the pleasures of the body. Rock and roll seemed to do away with inhibitions and provoke a sort of erotic vandalism (Altschuler 67). In the 1960s, the original rock and roll music of Chuck Berry, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Elvis Presley began to evolve into the rock music of the Beatles, Kinks and Rolling Stones (Weinstein 96). By the late 1960s, rock music had begun to develop a social conscience (McDonald 85). Songwriters like Bob Dylan and Lennon and McCartney started to write about social issues such as war, the economy, politics, and feminism. Rock and roll had moved from the music of teenage rebellion to the music of the masses (McDonald 85). Advocating the use of mind-altering drugs and opposing the governments military policies became the youthful rebellion of that decade (Weinstein 95). It was during this time that teenagers were transformed into youth' (Weinstein 96). The distinction between the two is not just a matter of semantics. Young people began to become conscious of themselves as actors on the world stage, aware that their social consciousness wielded a power of its own. The baby boom generation was beginning to attend college, where the free speech movement turned into the youth-based anti-Vietnam War movement (Weinstein 96). The civil rights movement and the assassinations of the Kennedys and Martin Luther King, Jr. also contributed to the transformation of consciousness of the eras youth. These events affected the type of rock music that was being created, as singer-songwriters like Bob Dylan and Barry McGuire voiced the political objections of a generation. A backlash of social repression against political demonstrations by young people had a dampening effect on the use of protest as a power tool. The riot in Chicago at the 1968 Democratic national presidential convention and the killing of student protestors by the Ohio National Guard at Kent State University may have contributed to a greater tendency on the part of youth to delve into psychological and spiritual journeys with the aid of drugs, rather than seeking social change on the front lines of demonstrations (Weinstein 96). The lyrics to rock songs would often promote these inner pursuits of the drug-assisted mind, while a particular sub-genre, psychedelic rock, was used to enhance the hallucinatory experience. The raw, raucous exuberance of 1950s rock and roll still existed in various manifestations of rock music, but it had also split off into other types of music with a much quieter, more introspective, form of rebellion. It was arguably the rigid nature of the social structure of the 1950s which instigated its own destruction. It may be inherent within the youthful spirit to rebel against whatever restraints the older generation imposes. However, the rigidity of the mid-20th-century middle class mindset, combined with a newfound post-war affluence, set the stage for major social change, and the soundtrack to that change was rock and roll. Without the convention-shattering impact of 1950s rock and roll on societal expectations, the enormous social upheavals of the 1960s might never have come about, or at least, might have occurred decades later. The wild abandon of rock and rolls youthful enthusiasm opened doors of class, race, and gender that had never been opened before, paving the way to a complete reshaping of social interaction.

Muhammad Ali - Cassius Clay :: essays research papers

I consider a hero someone that has done great things. Some of the things that I consider great are, accomplished hard goals, stood up for their own rights, done things that would be hard for me to do, and done things that are extraordinary. Muhammad Ali-Cassius Clay is someone that fills my standards of a hero. Muhammad Ali has accomplished hard goals by getting medals in the Olympics. Muhammad Ali had to stand up for his rights when he started to box. He has accomplished things in his life that would be very hard for me to accomplish. Muhammad Ali has done things that I think are very magnificent. The thing Muhammad Ali has done makes him a hero to me. At first Muhammad Ali had no intension of boxing. After his bike was stolen, in the month of October 1954, when he was twelve, his whole life destiny changed in an instant. Upon finding out that there was a police officer in the basement of a gym, Ali went down in a horrendous state of mind exclaiming a â€Å"state wide bike hunt (http://www.planetpapers.com/jump.cgi?ID=182.html),† and said he was going to beat up the person that sole his bike. The way his life changed was that the police officer asked him if he knew how to fight and he said â€Å"no.† The policeman offered Ali lessons in how to box so that he could seek on the bike thief. This was the starting point in Muhammad Ali’s boxing career. In the late fifties, Cassius Clay rules Golden Gloves And the AAU national champion. A quick fight at the Rome Olympics in 1960, Cassius Clay a teenager knocks beats a Polish fighter by the name of Zbigniew Pietrzykowski to a â€Å"bloody pulp.† Muhammad Ali took home the gold. In 1962 Muhammad Ali states that he will knock out Archie More in the forth round. His prediction came true. In 1964, Muhammad Ali became world heavy weight champing by beating Sonny Listen. Although he did not knock him out, Sonny would not enter the seventh round making Muhammad Ali world champion. After knocking out Zora Folley, he did not fight for three and a half years. During this time he was standing up for his rights during the Vietnam War. He said, â€Å"I have no Quarrel with Viet Cong (www.usatoday.com).† He did not want to fight because the more troops we sent in, the more we lost.

The Count of Monte Cristo and King Lear

It is man’s path to struggle with his destiny and writers have long written about such a battle in a man’s inner soul. In the works of Alexandre Dumas and William Shakespeare such a battle is best described in their comparable works, â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo† and â€Å"King Lear†. It is the purpose of this paper to present either novel, and the main male protagonists in the stories and pit them against each other as well as have them share in their twined destiny of faults, failures and eventual redemption.Dumas weaves a story about a man, Edmond Dantes whose life becomes entangled in another man’s vengeance and is subsequently doomed to life imprisonment. These actions are out of the protagonist’s control as he is neither aware of the person for whom the letter is intended that he is carrying to Paris (it is actually supposed to be given to Bonapartist father) nor of the rival against him, Danglars. It would thus appear as though Dant es is allowing his destiny to be overtaken from his free will.In Shakespeare’s â€Å"King Lear† Lear also allows to be a rather flotsam figure on his own path, being lead this way and that, not from a guidance of reason but by happenstance, bad luck, and fate. Blindness is recognized in the play by Lear’s grotesque nature and how he cannot stand to see the world, or kingdom he created. In King Lear’s distrust of his daughters he one by one makes himself disowned by them I prithee, daughter, do not make me mad. I will not trouble thee, my child; farewell.We'll no more meet, no more see one another. But yet thou art my flesh, my blood, my daughter; Or rather a disease that's in my flesh, Which I must needs call mine. Thou art a boil, A plague sore, an embossed carbuncle In my corrupted blood. But I'll not chide thee. Let shame come when it will, I do not call it. I do not bid the Thunder-bearer shoot Nor tell tales of thee to high-judging Jove. Mend when th ou canst; be better at thy leisure; I can be patient, I can stay with Regan, I and my hundred knights.† (Shakespeare II. iv. 1514). Blindness is a factor in either author’s tale. For Dumas, he allows his character to remain faithful to himself but also he makes him blind to the events and circumstances surrounding him. Dantes is sent to prison, but it is in prison where he finds Abbe Faria, who teaches his about philosophy, languages, music, history, and it is in this knowledge that Dumas allows the hero to gain self confidence that he would not have otherwise come to had he not been imprisoned.It seems that either author depends a great deal upon unusual circumstances and luck (either perceived as good or bad luck) to progress the plot forward for the characters. Both characters have to face where their loyalties lie, or where the people’s loyalties lie who surround them. In â€Å"King Lear† the focus of the married daughters who are proven to be evil and usurpers of their fathers power while the younger daughter, the innocent unmarried one proves to be the only supporter King Lear has although he blindingly distrusts her from act one.The theme of â€Å"King Lear† is suitably that of loyalty from the female caste whether in faithfulness or disloyalty. With the theme of loyalty there must also be a theme of vengeance as these two factors often walk hand in hand. It is proper for Dantes to want to seek vengeance on an unjust act done to him out of jealousy from Danglars. Although it takes Dantes nine years for his plan to put into action, it takes Lear merely three acts for his vengeance to take shape on Cordelia’s life and Lear’s blindness. For, what is the purpose of having a protagonist who does not learn anything?Lear learns of his mistakes with distrusting his daughter Cordelia and by trusting his other daughters- therefore, because he was blind to this distrust in a metaphorical sense he must be made blind p hysically in order to find redemption for his actions. Dumas takes a different approach in his protagonist’s story. Dumas gives Dantes an education as well as a treasure but the idea of vengeance swallows any joy he may have gleaned from his newly found position in life as the Count of Monte Cristo. It is with a heavy heart (after finding out about his father’s death) that Dantes goes to Marseilles and then on to other European cities.Despite this occupying thought of revenge, Dantes does manage to try and save Caderousse, but is unable to help the man because Caderousse's greed is his downfall. Although he is given two chances of redemption from Dantes he falls into a life of crime and is killed. Both authors need to have progression, change or punishment in their works in order for the reader to find the humanity in the protagonists, for, without their humanity Dantes’ revenge would be a fool’s errand and Lear would not have blinded himself after seeing the error of his ways.The parallels of greed in political power (another form of the grotesque in Shakespeare’s play) are presented in how Goneril and Regan seek political power by their ability to strip the King of all his train of followers, by rejecting the King’s title, and turning him out into the storm, â€Å"†¦entreat him by no means to stay† (III. 1. 297). Also, Edmund has high political aspirations by allowing Gloucester to be blinded for his own political gain, â€Å"Hang him instantly [Regan]†¦Pluck out his eyes [Goneril]† (III. 7. 4-5), and he usurps Edgar’s legitimate title as the future Earl of Gloucester.Furthermore, Kent and Edgar both lose their nobility, the Earl of Kent is banished for his honest defense of Cordelia, and Edgar loses his claim to nobility through the deceit and trickery of Edmund. Political greed was also seen with Caderousse as well as Dantes’ other enemies who have grown wealthy and more corrup t since he has been in prison. Both author’s hinge their characters on the edge of redemption and give them each a scenario in which they can either grasp this ultimate gift and be free of blame or hate, or they can become criminals of love and honor.The authors are the same in this account, they allow their protagonists to find their redemption: For Lear, it is blindness, for Dantes it is shown in the mercy he gives to his enemy Danglars. In their redemption either man finds love again: Cordelia’s for her father Lear and Haydee for Dantes. Bibliography Dumas, Alexandre. â€Å"The Count of Monte Cristo†. Penguin Classic. 1992. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"King Lear†. Penguin Classic. 1998.

Bending Water with Static Electricity

Bending Water with Static Electricity When two objects are rubbed against each other, some of the electrons from one object jump to the other. The object that gains electrons becomes more negatively charged; the one that loses electrons becomes more positively charged. The opposite charges attract each other in a way that you can actually see. One way to collect charge is to comb your hair with a nylon comb or rub it with a balloon. The comb or balloon will become attracted to your hair, while the strands of your hair (all the same charge) repel each other. The comb or balloon will also attract a stream of water, which carries an electrical charge. Difficulty: EasyTime Required: minutes What You Need Aside from water, all you need for this experiment is dry hair and a comb. The trick is using a comb that picks up charge from your hair. Choose nylon, not wood or metal. If you dont have a comb, a latex balloon works equally well. Water faucetNylon comb or latex balloon Heres How Comb dry hair with a nylon comb or rub it with an inflated latex balloon.Turn on the tap so that a narrow stream of water is flowing (1 to 2 mm across, flowing smoothly).Move the balloon or teeth of the comb close to the water (not in it). As you approach the water, the stream will begin to bend toward your comb.Experiment!Does the amount of bend depend on how close the comb is to the water?If you adjust the flow, does it affect how much the stream bends?Do combs made from other materials work equally well?How does a comb compare with a balloon?Do you get the same effect from everyones hair or does some hair release more charge than others?Can you get your hair close enough to the water to repel it without getting it wet? Tip This activity will work better when the humidity is low. When humidity is high, water vapor catches some of the electrons that would jump between objects. For the same reason, your hair needs to be completely dry when you comb it.

Chlorine From Periodic Table of the Elements

Chlorine From Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic Number: 17 Symbol: Cl Atomic Weight: 35.4527 Discovery: Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1774 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p5 Word Origin: Greek: khloros: greenish-yellow Properties: Chlorine has a melting point of -100.98Â °C, boiling point of -34.6Â °C, density of 3.214 g/l, specific gravity of 1.56 (-33.6Â °C), with a valence of 1, 3, 5, or 7. Chlorine is a member of the halogen group of elements and directly combines with almost all of the other elements. Chlorine gas is a greenish yellow. Chlorine figures prominently in many organic chemistry reactions, particularly in substitutions with hydrogen. The gas acts as an irritant for respiratory and other mucous membranes. The liquid form will burn the skin. Humans can smell as low an amount as 3.5 ppm. A few breaths at a concentration of 1000 ppm is usually fatal. Uses: Chlorine is used in many everyday products. It is used for disinfecting drinking water. Chlorine is used in the production of textiles, paper products, dyes, petroleum products, medicines, insecticides, disinfectants, foods, solvents, plastics, paints, and many other products. The element is used to manufacture chlorates, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and in the extraction of bromine. Chlorine has been used as a chemical warfare agent. Sources: In nature, chlorine is only found in the combined state, most commonly with sodium as NaCl and in carnallite (KMgCl36H2O) and sylvite (KCl). The element is obtained from chlorides by electrolysis or via the action of oxidizing agents. Element Classification: Halogen Chlorine Physical Data Density (g/cc): 1.56 ( -33.6 Â °C) Melting Point (K): 172.2 Boiling Point (K): 238.6 Appearance: greenish-yellow, irritating gas. At high pressure or low temperature: red to clear. Isotopes: 16 known isotopes with atomic masses ranging from 31 to 46 amu. Cl-35 and Cl-37 are both stable isotopes with Cl-35 as the most abundant form (75.8%).Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.7 Covalent Radius (pm): 99 Ionic Radius: 27 (7e) 181 (-1e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.477 (Cl-Cl) Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 6.41 (Cl-Cl) Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 20.41 (Cl-Cl) Pauling Negativity Number: 3.16 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1254.9 Oxidation States: 7, 5, 3, 1, -1 Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 6.240 CAS Registry Number: 7782-50-5 Interesting Trivia: Chlorine leaks in containers are detected using ammonia. Ammonia will react with the chlorine and form a white mist above the leak.The most common natural chlorine compound on Earth is sodium chloride or table salt.Chlorine is the 21st most abundant element in the Earths crustChlorine is the third most abundant element in the Earths oceansChlorine gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I. Chlorine is heavier than air and would form a deadly layer in low-lying foxholes and trenches. References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Superman and Me vs. Bodega Dreams Essays

Superman and Me vs. Bodega Dreams Essays Superman and Me vs. Bodega Dreams Paper Superman and Me vs. Bodega Dreams Paper 1 Makeitha C Mrs. Rogers ENC 1102, 4:05 November 29th, 2011 Culture vs. Education Culture is an essential element that can impact the way a person sees the world and processes information. â€Å"Superman and Me,† by Sherman Alexie and â€Å"Bodega Dreams,† by Ernesto Quinonez, examines the importance of education and the impact it has on cultures. In â€Å"Superman and Me† the narrator tells a story about an Indian boy who teaches himself how to read and write at the age of 3 years. Despite the challenges he was face with living on an Indian Reservation, he remained motivated and interested in gaining more knowledge in reading and writing. Bodega Dreams,† by Ernesto Quinonez the narrator tells a story about two young Latino boys and their experience together in Junior High school. The young boys are in English and Science class together. Although the boys are not motivated about school, there teacher’s (Mr. Blessington and Mr. Tapia) try different methods to keep them motivated and focus in school. These two stories will debate how culture influences children view point in education. In the story â€Å"Superman and me† the narrator details methods he uses to learn how to recognize a paragraph and picture read using a Superman comic book. The narrator explains how he was very motivated about learning to read and write. The narrator seemed to be a very driven man who knew exactly what he wanted, and was willing to do whatever it took to achieve his goals. The narrator expresses himself with self-confidence by stating, â€Å"I am smart. I am arrogant. I am lucky. I want to save my life (209-210). † Being an Indian boy who lived on a reservation, he felt many people were expecting him to fail in the non-Indian world and he was determined to prove them wrong. The narrator states, â€Å"I never was taught how to write poetry, short stories, and novels. † â€Å"I don’t recall a guest teacher visiting the reservation (210). 2 The narrator tells how he was enthused about reading and the different methods he used to learn the words. He tells about the many struggles he had to endure because he was different, he was not ashamed to show his intelligence. He explains how his Indian peers were afraid to show their intelligence by not speaking out in class or around other peers. The narrator argues that Indian children are stereotyped as unintelligent failures. The issue is the author wants readers to recognize that Indian children were not well educated in reading and writing, they needed to be encouraged to read and write, and exposed to more literature. The Indian children lacked motivation in learning to read and write. They were comfortable with just knowing powwow songs and jokes. The narrator wanted the Indian students to see the importance in reading. He wanted them to understand reading is more than just the reading of words, but a way to survive in the non-Indian world. The narrator states he eventually grew up and became a successful author/writer. He devotes his time working with Indian children and assisting them with reading and writing their own stories. Although the narrator tells about the struggles he had growing up on a reservation knowing how to read and write, he decides to give back to his community. The narrator teaches Indian children creative writing hoping they will change the perception about school and develop confidence and motivation like he did. Ernest Quinonez’s â€Å"Bodega Dreams† the narratora young Latino boytells a story about an experience he had in Junior High school and the kind of relationship he had developed with his Science teacher (Mr. Tapia) and English teacher (Mr. Blessington). In the story the narrator tells how Mr. Tapia and Mr. Blessington interact differently with their students. The narrator explains how Mr. Blessington is not one of his favorite teachers. The narrator states, â€Å"He kept telling us boys were all going to end up in jail and all girls were going to end hooking (167). † The narrator explains how he is bored with listening to the Robert Frost poem in his class. The narrator states, â€Å"He was one of those upper-class people who thinks highly of themselves†¦and have chosen to â€Å"help† poor kids from the ghetto (167). In Science class his teacher, Mr. Tapia, is inspiring to him. The narrator explains how Mr. Tapia encouraged his class to do their work. He felt all his students had the potential to do well. In the story the narrator enjoyed challenging the teacher’s with questions just to get off task. The narrator’s friend (Sapo) had the same classes toge ther. 3 Sapo was very quiet and kept to himself until one day the Mr. Blessington approached him with a question. The narrator claims Sapo did not make an effect in class due to Mr. Blessington negative comments he makes towards him and his peers. Mr. Blessingon was not pleased with Sapo’s attitude. Mr. Blessington and Sapo begin exchanging words which lead them to a heated discussion and a physical altercation. Mr. Blessington lost control and Sapo released anger. In the story Mr. Tapia tried to save Sapo by telling Sapo to lie about the altercation. Sapo did what Mr. Tapia told him to do in order to avoid the detention center. The incident eventually changed Sapo’s persona. The young Latin boy was put in a position to where he lost control and it changed his whole outlook on life. In this story the author argues that a person’s childhood environment often determine his or her character and life path. In the story the narrator provided evidence of how the students had supportive teachers and how their teacher’s encourage the students to be successful. Mr. Tapia and Mr. Blessington exposed their students to a variety of poetry and literature, and allowed them opportunities to complete their work either at home or in school. The stories share common points about the importance of reading and writing. In order for an individual to be successful in school is by making an effort and attempting to do the work. In â€Å"Superman and Me† the Indian boy wanted to be successful by taking matters in his own hands by teaching himself how to read and write. In â€Å"Bodega Dreams† the characters in the story were not interested in learning or doing their assignments, which became a disappointment to their teachers. I think the Indian children have a valid reason to feel conquered by their abilities to learn. Their cultural upbringing can be a factor which often causes them to lose interest in reading and writing. When teachers are working with children it’s important that they are sensitive to the students’ needs, respect each child’s differences and culture, and be more mindful of their position in society. Providing support and positive guidance is the key when working with children and helping them become more involved in school. 4 In closing, these stories have a valid point and will stimulate more readers to think about the importance of culture and education. Stereotyping and prejudice can have a negative effect on children. Adults must remember children are in a vulnerable position. Allowing children to explore and have access to different learning materials will help them gain more knowledge. Respecting different cultures and communicating with children in positive ways will help develop self-confidence and help them have a better outlook on life. 5 Alexie, Sherman. â€Å"Superman and Me. † Reading Literature and Writing Argument. 4th ed. Missy James and Alan Merickel. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2011. Print Quinonez, Ernest. â€Å"Bodega Dreams. † Reading Literature and Writing Argument. 4th ed. Missy James and Alan Merickel. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2011. Print.

What did you learn about yourself from the Discovery Wheel and Develop Essay

What did you learn about yourself from the Discovery Wheel and Develop Your Multiple Intelligences exercises in the text How might you use this information in your Learning Team - Essay Example In terms of Developing Multiple Intelligences, I found the possible characteristics pertaining to types of intelligence that focus on writing letters, making careful plans, enjoying books, working with one’s hands, singing, using journals, taking leadership positions as being manifested. The learning strategies that I realized that are associated with these characteristics are: writing notes, analyzing tasks, drawing or visualizing alleviating wandering, engaging in hands-on activities, playing music during breaks, keeping journals and sharing topics learned as prominent. All these information would enhance one’s learning in terms of identifying areas where one’s strengths could be capitalized and addressing the identified weaknesses to improve on skills that would ensure the achievement of both personal and professional goals. One discovered that through using skills in notes taking, academic performance could be improved as one would apply this skill in improving reading and in evaluating which financial aspects could be developed. The multiple intelligence exercises assisted in determining which possible career paths are closely linked to one’s characteristics and strategies. This would guide me in streamlining potential employment opportunities and in focusing on the most

Ethical products Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethical products - Case Study Example Slave trade was a trade too; it took a long struggle to fight slave trade which is still yet to be completely eliminated from the word according to the United Nations report. During the last century blacks from Africa were considered to sub human beings in the American society. In the recent there have been reports of industries releasing their waste into the rivers. Reports about nuclear waste dumping in the wrong areas have been rampant in the media especially in the last decade. From 1950s up 1970s the United States federal government was burying nuclear waste plutonium in Idaho. According to National Geographic News April 12, 2002, Snake River aquifer may be leached into by the buried plutonium waste. Snake river which is about 25000 square kilometers provides dirking and irrigation water for large population (Mayell, 2002). The diamond trade in Liberia that later turned out to be called the bloody diamonds because of fueling the civil war in Liberia and Sierra Leone during the last decade. The late Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo - DRC) was a darling of the west because of the resources that were plenty in the Great Lakes region. One component of fair trade is corporate social responsibility also called corporate citizen ship where the interests of the society take the first place by the organization taking responsibility for the impact of activities by the company or organization. on communities , customers, employees or suppliers. One of the biggest companies that has hit headlines on corporate social responsibility is the Microsoft company with the Melinda and Bill Gates foundation. The foundations' global development program has been trying to assist people get out of poverty and hunger by creating opportunities for them in Agriculture, helping small farmers to improve crop production and market access. They have been working with partners to help the poor societies get access to financial services, which are only available to only a few in African societies. While recognizing internet and computers as drivers of economic and social progress, the foundation has assisted with access to these tools and pro fessional skills, search for work, conduct business on-line, access government services and exchange ideas with others (Melinda & Bill Gates Foundation, 2008). Other areas where the banded ethical products are Not geared toward social exclusion but inclusion are the global health program of the Melinda and Bill Gates foundation whose mission is to encourage the development of life saving medical services and help in access the existing vaccines against the common deceases in developing countries. By assisting in research toward the development of drugs against malaria, tuberculoses and HIV amongst others, it shows a sure sign that it is committed to improving the quality of life for the marginalized societies and the grater society as well. It is through the development of the ethical products such as the fair trade that the organizations for preventing the exploitation of the producers for commodities like coffee emerged. A system that allowed people recognize the products that certain standards (labor or environmental) put by an independent body which issues certifications. In the United States it called Fairtrade certification. It sets

Rebuttal of an Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rebuttal of an Evaluation - Essay Example He has said that this pain is expressed through â€Å"The Silent Scream† (Rice) that cannot be heard but can be seen. God is the creator of life and Satan is the destroyer, hence he has opined that abortion in way worship of Satan himself. Rice strongly announces his vote for right to life for the foetus and also told not to impose a decision of someone else’s on a coming child through deciding on his life and death. Rice’s argument against abortion lacks rationality and an emotional appeal rather than a reasoned one. The Silent Scream claim of Rice classifies the foetus as living and thus has a right to life. Biologically it is alive, but being alive neither provides it full human rights nor a right to live through the gestation period. Question might be asked why so? There are a bunch of reasons first of all a foetus carries human chromosome and left to grow it will be a human one day. It is a potential person, but our hair follicle also contains the same numbe r of DNA that it has. A zygote and a hair follicle contain the same attributes in terms of chromosomes and thus a zygote is as much a human as a hair follicle.

The Influence of Salvador Dali to Modern Art Research Paper

The Influence of Salvador Dali to Modern Art - Research Paper Example The paper "The Influence of Salvador Dali to Modern Art" discovers the art of Salvador Dali, the famous Spanish painter and his influence of modern art. Salvador Dali is one of the most resourceful and productive artists of the twentieth century. As Klein notes in his book, Salvador was a multitalented man who managed various activities like fashion, advertising, writing, sculpture, and even filmmaking. It seems that Dali was highly influenced by the psychoanalytical theories of that time, and his themes range from eroticism and death to decay. One can say unambiguously that his work was influenced by the Freudian theory of human mind. It is an accepted fact that Freud’s teachings of human mind and the unconscious seriously impacted on the thinking of artists in the first quarter of the twentieth century. In the words of Freud, the sublimation of the artist’s unsatisfied libido is responsible for producing all forms of art and literature, whether it be painting, sculpti ng, or writing. Thus, his new ideology made artists and writers look into their own dreams and thoughts with a new insight. Soon, these thoughts (once considered absurd and illogical) found a new place in art. Admittedly, it was the Freudian analysis of the role of dreams which attracted people like Dali. Dali was highly impressed by Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams and Die Traumdeutung. From Dali’s own words, â€Å"it was one of the greatest discoveries of my life. I was obsessed by the vice of self-interpretation-not just of my dreams...". but of everything that happened to me, however accidental it might at first seem† (Martinez-Herrera, Alcantara, and Lorena 855). At first, one can look into the interpretation by Stuart Walton. It is pointed out by him that Dali’s work called Autumn Cannibalism is the first stage of psychosexual development. According to the Freudian concept, this stage is marked by the psychological theme of total dependency. In fact , a baby at this stage is very dependent, as it can do little for its own protection. The Autumn Cannibalism was painted in the year 1936. It was in this year that the civil war broke out in Spain. Thus, as Walton points out, the work mainly depicts horror and destruction of war along with the demolishing nature of sexual relationship (69). In the painting, a chest of drawers is placed on a beach, and the upper halves of two people sit on it. The two bodies are highly entangled, and one figure dips a spoon into the body of the other. The latter figure dips a knife into the flesh of the former. The heads of the figures merge into each other. One can see pieces of meat thrown here and there. Thus, scholars reach the conclusion that the work shows the human impulses going back to the oral phase of psychosexual development. In addition, there are works like The Enigma of Desire: My Mother which reflects the Oedipus complex. The picture shows the porous rocks of the Catalan coast of Spai n as the central image. On the rock, one can see the words ‘ma mere’ written again and again. Then, there is the self-portrait of the painter, lying on the ground with eyes closed. One has to assume that the character is either asleep or half dead. Ants are coming out of the ear of the figure, indicating that decomposition and decay have started there. However, the point of consideration here is the little lion’s head above. The picture shows that the head has its face twisted into a grimace. Thus, the best assumption would be that it represents Dali’s father. The lion head is at the highest point of the mountainous body, and he is apparently pressing the face of

The way of Jesus and my every day life related to it Essay

The way of Jesus and my every day life related to it - Essay Example Without this as a continual guide for the way in which the Christian should proceed, there is little if any purpose to calling oneself a Christian. As a function of understanding this ideal to a more complete degree, the following analysis will discuss the personal ramifications of the daily walk with Christ and the meaning of everyday life within such an understanding. Further, the works of St. Augustine and Mother Teresa will be utilized as well. It is the hope of this student that such a level of discussion will not only provide a historical level of appreciation with respect to the importance of the meaning of Christ’s life and testament to the Christian, it will also underscore the very real and prescient need that all mankind has for this experience. Firstly, St. Augustine of Hippo illustrated the importance of a daily and continual walk with Christ as he pointed out his failures as a young man. Rather than merely being an experience that he could learn from, these failures were indicated to be contingent upon the fact that he did not have the example of Christ to guide him as he made the important day to day decisions that all young people must make. Although it is true that St. Augustine of Hippo lived over 1500 years prior to the current era, the understanding that he represented with respect to the continual need for Christ within the live of the Christian is no less relevant today (Gramigna, 2013). By means of keeping a consideration of Christ, his earthly ministry, and the counsels that he provided before the Christian at each and every juncture, the correct and faithful decision can invariably be chosen. Similarly, Mother Teresa also provided the faithful with an understanding of what a continual walk with Christ meant to the believer. For instance, although it would have been possible for an indivual such as Mother Teresa to perform good deeds without an acknowledgement of Christ, the perfection that she strove for was never a

INTRODUCING HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

INTRODUCING HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE - Essay Example The demographics indicate that most of the children born to teenagers end up been aborted; over half of the children born to teenagers under the age of 18 years. Barking and Dagenham faces a huge challenge in terms of sexual and reproductive health. Teenage pregnancy is a social issue, and it needs both health and social care, evidence indicate that the children born to teenage mothers are likely to experience some very negative outcomes later in their life stages. This children are likely to take the place of their parents and became teenage parents themselves, which seems to be a perpetuating issue where teenage parenthood is moved from one generation to the other. One of the negative effects of teenage pregnancy is the fact that it is both a contributory factor to poverty and is also an outcome of child poverty. Barking and Dagenham is an area where their rate of unemployment is very high and the region is can be described as a poor area, this explains why teenagers from this areas are likely to get pregnant more than other teenagers in more affluent areas. There are numerous challenges that women who conceive during their teenage-hood face during their lives. One of the major challenges is that most of them are not able to complete school, and their education dream is shattered. Lack of completing their education will make them not to gain access to proper job opportunities, and their life chances of themselves and their kids are ruined. Research has also indicated that they are likely to partner with men who are not employed and re poorly qualified. The poverty vicious cycles seem to be endless for the teenagers who conceive in this stage. Those who conceive beyond their teens are likely to complete their education and are likely to partner with men who are determined and are well off. Health is also another big concern in teenage pregnancy; they are likely to suffer poorer health. Their

The Influence of Salvador Dali to Modern Art Research Paper

The Influence of Salvador Dali to Modern Art - Research Paper Example The paper "The Influence of Salvador Dali to Modern Art" discovers the art of Salvador Dali, the famous Spanish painter and his influence of modern art. Salvador Dali is one of the most resourceful and productive artists of the twentieth century. As Klein notes in his book, Salvador was a multitalented man who managed various activities like fashion, advertising, writing, sculpture, and even filmmaking. It seems that Dali was highly influenced by the psychoanalytical theories of that time, and his themes range from eroticism and death to decay. One can say unambiguously that his work was influenced by the Freudian theory of human mind. It is an accepted fact that Freud’s teachings of human mind and the unconscious seriously impacted on the thinking of artists in the first quarter of the twentieth century. In the words of Freud, the sublimation of the artist’s unsatisfied libido is responsible for producing all forms of art and literature, whether it be painting, sculpti ng, or writing. Thus, his new ideology made artists and writers look into their own dreams and thoughts with a new insight. Soon, these thoughts (once considered absurd and illogical) found a new place in art. Admittedly, it was the Freudian analysis of the role of dreams which attracted people like Dali. Dali was highly impressed by Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams and Die Traumdeutung. From Dali’s own words, â€Å"it was one of the greatest discoveries of my life. I was obsessed by the vice of self-interpretation-not just of my dreams...". but of everything that happened to me, however accidental it might at first seem† (Martinez-Herrera, Alcantara, and Lorena 855). At first, one can look into the interpretation by Stuart Walton. It is pointed out by him that Dali’s work called Autumn Cannibalism is the first stage of psychosexual development. According to the Freudian concept, this stage is marked by the psychological theme of total dependency. In fact , a baby at this stage is very dependent, as it can do little for its own protection. The Autumn Cannibalism was painted in the year 1936. It was in this year that the civil war broke out in Spain. Thus, as Walton points out, the work mainly depicts horror and destruction of war along with the demolishing nature of sexual relationship (69). In the painting, a chest of drawers is placed on a beach, and the upper halves of two people sit on it. The two bodies are highly entangled, and one figure dips a spoon into the body of the other. The latter figure dips a knife into the flesh of the former. The heads of the figures merge into each other. One can see pieces of meat thrown here and there. Thus, scholars reach the conclusion that the work shows the human impulses going back to the oral phase of psychosexual development. In addition, there are works like The Enigma of Desire: My Mother which reflects the Oedipus complex. The picture shows the porous rocks of the Catalan coast of Spai n as the central image. On the rock, one can see the words ‘ma mere’ written again and again. Then, there is the self-portrait of the painter, lying on the ground with eyes closed. One has to assume that the character is either asleep or half dead. Ants are coming out of the ear of the figure, indicating that decomposition and decay have started there. However, the point of consideration here is the little lion’s head above. The picture shows that the head has its face twisted into a grimace. Thus, the best assumption would be that it represents Dali’s father. The lion head is at the highest point of the mountainous body, and he is apparently pressing the face of

INTRODUCING HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

INTRODUCING HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE - Essay Example The demographics indicate that most of the children born to teenagers end up been aborted; over half of the children born to teenagers under the age of 18 years. Barking and Dagenham faces a huge challenge in terms of sexual and reproductive health. Teenage pregnancy is a social issue, and it needs both health and social care, evidence indicate that the children born to teenage mothers are likely to experience some very negative outcomes later in their life stages. This children are likely to take the place of their parents and became teenage parents themselves, which seems to be a perpetuating issue where teenage parenthood is moved from one generation to the other. One of the negative effects of teenage pregnancy is the fact that it is both a contributory factor to poverty and is also an outcome of child poverty. Barking and Dagenham is an area where their rate of unemployment is very high and the region is can be described as a poor area, this explains why teenagers from this areas are likely to get pregnant more than other teenagers in more affluent areas. There are numerous challenges that women who conceive during their teenage-hood face during their lives. One of the major challenges is that most of them are not able to complete school, and their education dream is shattered. Lack of completing their education will make them not to gain access to proper job opportunities, and their life chances of themselves and their kids are ruined. Research has also indicated that they are likely to partner with men who are not employed and re poorly qualified. The poverty vicious cycles seem to be endless for the teenagers who conceive in this stage. Those who conceive beyond their teens are likely to complete their education and are likely to partner with men who are determined and are well off. Health is also another big concern in teenage pregnancy; they are likely to suffer poorer health. Their

A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication Essay Example for Free

A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication Essay Cultures here are minimally seen as large-scale systems of assumed shared references, linguistic or otherwise1, used for the purposes of reducing complexity. 2 Cultures themselves may idealize one or several centers, where the shared references are felt to be so dense that communication would be without any need for reductions of complexities. Away from such ideals, cultures have peripheries, where references are sparse, or sparsely shared, or mixed with references shared by other cultures. The terms â€Å"center† and â€Å"periphery† are not to be understood geopolitically. (cf. Even-Zohar 1990, Toury 1995) The differences between centers and peripheries are operative fictions rather than primary empirical facts. The very belief that one is in a central position may be enough to curtail complexity, just as the false impression that one is lacking in context may increase complexity. (Pym 1998) The difference between center and periphery may also be characterized in terms of effort. When shared references are believed to be dense (all else being equal), the reduction of complexity requires less effort than when the references are believed to be sparse. Effort here is understood as being on both the sending and receiving sides of messages, as well as in any mediating position or investment in the channel. A text sent and received near a perceived center will thus require less investment of effort than the same text sent from a center to a periphery (assuming that the reduction of complexity is 1. 3. 1. 4. 1. 5. to be to a similar degree in both cases). And further supplementary effort will be needed if the text is to be received in another culture. (Pym 1995) 1. 6. The lines between cultures are marked as cross-over points where the communication act receives supplementary effort of a mediating and discontinuous nature. Such points are usually where translations are carried out. (Pym 2001a) Cross-cultural communication thus marks the points of contact between cultures, although it alone will not join up the points to form any kind of line. (Pym 1998, 2001a, cf. Chatwin 1987) On complexity and its reduction Texts are inscribed objects that can be interpreted in different ways and for different functions, quite independently of any original intentions. The plurality of possible interpretations is what we are calling complexity. The reduction of complexity does not imply any discerning of a true or primal meaning. For example, a reader at this point might interpret the term â€Å"reduction of complexity† as â€Å"understanding†, but such a reading will hopefully be deviated by the following paragraphs. In this sense, the reduction of complexity does not entail an act of understanding in any idealist sense. Nor must effort be expended only to reduce complexity. Effort can also be used to make texts more complex, preparing them for a greater plurality of interpretations. Such might be a certain conception of aesthetic pleasure, diplomatic ambiguity, or communicative mechancete. The degree of appropriate complexity is in each case dependent on the success conditions of the communicative act concerned. On success conditions Success conditions are criteria that make the communicative act beneficial for all or some of the participants concerned. 4 Such criteria may be simple, as in the case of a business negotiation to reach mutual agreement on a sales price: the success condition might be that a price is agreed to by all participants.

Climate Change in the Holocene period

Climate Change in the Holocene period Wai Kai Choi Executive Summary This assignment is about is the climate change in Holocene period the most important cause of the development of agriculture and I will discuss others area as well like people and plants. The three areas I have chosen to discuss is East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and America. Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinals  and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated  species created food surpluses  that nurtured the development of civilization. Contents (Jump to) Agriculture Species Climate Change East Asia Sub-Saharan Africa America Conclusion Bibliography Agriculture For a large food production through leaving of hunting and gathering because the animal is killed, which cannot reproduce and for agriculture it will continue to produce by nature. People have been forced to agriculture because they think it is more labour intensive than hunting and gathering, and they had no alternative. It has been developed because of people desire by wanting special status foods, which is what the social need and want to generate our lives by competition with other that normal will produce power by having desire for new statuses and new things. Figure 1: The origins and spread of agriculture (Scarre, D. 2013, p189) The demographic theory suggested that people need to adopt agriculture follow by the end of the ice age and the rise in world population. Agriculture did not start during the Pleistocene because the cold, glacial climate was not favourable to it. Agriculture was impossible in the Pleistocene ice age because the climate was extremely cold and dry, containing higher levels of carbon dioxide, and varied greatly sometimes in periods of a decade or less. (Scarre, D. 2013, p186) Species Figure 2: Summary of the numbers of megafaunal genera (Perspectives in (human) ecology, 2007) The Holocene death includes the disappearance of megafauna, which is the end of the Ice Age that, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago. This may have been due to the loss of the mammoth  that had maintained grasslands  that became birch forests without the mammoths. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation  of modern humans  which led to climate change. Climate Change The world is getting warmer by the temperatures has risen upon an average 2 to 5 oC and the Arctic sea ice is getting less, which will cause a rise in sea level. Holocene Climatic Optimum is describing the earlier southern warm period, which is between 8,000 to 10,500 years ago that was immediately following the end of the last ice age. (Scarre, D. 2013, p177) Figure 3: Temperature changes (Brahea Axel,2013) The key reason on agriculture developed is the relationship between human and the environment which is suggested by Oasis theory. The climate became warmer, causing vegetation to increase and shift from one type to another. People adapted to this by changing the foods they ate and altering their lifestyle. Many people began to domesticate plants and animals at this time, both as a direct and indirect response to climate change, thus the origin of agriculture. (Scarre, D. 2013, p186) End of Ice Age the climate changes, which the human response is established to save Antarctica by every land of the globe for agriculture that the human societies increasingly prolific and new forms of social and economic activity developed. East Asia In 8,000 years ago, Northern China has been the domestication centre for foxtail millet and broomcorn millet, these are the species that they have produced and in 7,500 years ago these species is widely cultivated in the Yellow River basin. Later on in Southern China rice was domesticated and in Northern China 5,000 years ago, they domesticated soybean, then around 2,500 BC orange and peach has originated in China. The climate change has an impact in China, which created higher rainfall and warm temperate forest belts. (Wikipedia, 2014) The vegetation experienced different changes over the Holocene in various sub-regions. Near the boundary between modern forest and temperate steppe in Northeast China, forest showed clear expansion in the middle Holocene. In central China near the boundary between forest and desert, vegetation showed various patterns at different sites. Further west of the Tibetan Plateau near the boundary between highland meadow and desert, forest expanded at most sites during the early and middle Holocene. Our synthesis indicates that the climate in the marginal region was slightly moist in the early Holocene, wettest in the middle Holocene, and dry in the late Holocene, though there are regional differences as reflected by vegetation change. This general pattern is very different from either monsoon- or westerly-dominated regions. The maximum moisture occurred during the early Holocene in the monsoon region, while the arid central Asia dominated by the westerlies was dry in the early Holocene and wettest in the mid-Holocene. The interplay of the Asian summer monsoon, westerlies, topography and regional vegetation factors might have contributed to this spatial complexity. It is hard for people to stop hunting and gathering to change it to agriculture because there are forms of wild and animal to be domesticated. This intensive gather together of a very limited number of species just by hunting and gathering. â€Å"This transition from gazelle hunting to sheep and goat herding, where it seems that gazelle never were brought into the domesticated category and that when domesticated animals come into use it’s actually replaced by sheep and goat.† (Watkins, T, 2014). Sub-Saharan Africa There are three areas, which are independently developing agriculture is Ethiopian highlands, Sahei and West Africa. In Ethiopian highlands the most famous domesticated is coffee out of all the other domesticated that are khat, ensete, noog, teff and finger millet. For Sahel domesticated are sorghum and pearl millet. The first domesticated in West Africa is kola nut, which has become an ingredient in Coca Cola and the other domesticated is oil palm, African rice and yams. (Wikipedia, 2014) In Africa agriculture have been they cultivated for millennia came after their domestication elsewhere. The re-domesticated in Africa 5,000 years ago in a place called Papua New Guinea they have domesticated taro and Asian yams. African Humid Period is a wetter period of time due to a strengthening of the African monsoon by changes in summer radiation, which is between 16,000 and 6,000 years ago. In Green Sahara during this period, it has produced numerous of lakes by the rainfall of nature that have contain the wild animal of crocodiles and hippopotamus fauna, this is caused by climate change, it has an effect on the species of agriculture and animal. South Africas southern coastal margin is recognised as being a highly dynamic climatic region that plays a critical role in both regional and global atmospheric and oceanic circulation dynamics. Our understanding of the past dynamics of this system, however, has been limited by the number and nature of datasets available that can be used to infer changes in key climatic parameters in the region. Combined, a negative relationship is apparent between temperature and humidity in this area of the southern Cape, and these changes can for the first time be clearly linked to variations in Antarctic sea-ice extent and shifts in the southern westerly storm track. This dynamic is a reduction in sea-ice extent and a southward shift of the westerlies are manifested regionally by increased temperatures and a phase of marked aridity. America In early 8,000 to 6,000 BC in Mesoamerica has domesticated is corn, beans and squash, but the beans came later on in 4,000 BC, also South America has domesticated potatoes and manioc. Around 2,500 BC they have grown sunflower, sumpweed and goosefoot in America. People in this regional most of them relied on hunting and gathering for millennia, which farming life have not been developed until the second millennium BC. (Wikipedia, 2014) The first peak of the warmth in North Amercia from 11,000 to 9,000 years ago when the Laurentide ice sheet is still chilled, then 4,000 years later it has experienced warming, which the temperature suddenly rises and the ice sheet slowly melt. Three other factors must be added to this is complex solar cycles, Earths orbital variations, it also called Milankovitch cycles, which occur over intervals of tens to hundreds of thousands of years, and different rates of change and climatic conditions depending on location. The retreat of the continental glaciers of the Wisconsinan stage began in central North America around 10,000 years ago, but it did not occur in northern Canada and Alaska until nearly 6000 years ago. The retreat has yet to occur in Greenland. Sea level rise from the melting of the glaciers affected coastal areas globally, so much so that in the late 1800s, some scientists believed that this sea level rise should be the defining characteristic of the Holocene. Conclusion For this report question I agree with it that I think the development of agriculture is the beginning Holocene period the climate change, which has an affect the globe by the temperature have been rise that have caused the ice sheet slowly melt, which will cause the sea level rise and it has produced warmer and wetter weather. This is a great time for develops agriculture because to grow food from the ground, it need water, which is the rain and sun, which make the earth warmer. It is the most important cause of agriculture to production more different types of food and the large species is disappearing by the climate change, this mean animal is dying by an animal not produce enough to keep a life in this period and condition of the environment is not suitable for them. Bibliography Axel, B., 2013. Mini Ice Age?. [Online] Available at: http://www.palmtalk.org/forum/index.php?/topic/39737-mini-ice-age/page-7 [Accessed 04 12 2014]. human-macroecology blogspot, 2007. Perspectives In (Human) Ecology. [Online] Available at: http://human-macroecology.blogspot.co.uk/2007/10/background-how-humans-alter.html [Accessed 01 12 2014]. Perkins, P., Scarre, C. Watkins, T., 2014. Track 2. [Sound Recording] (The Open Univeristy). Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 177-199. Watkins, T., 2014. Track 2. [Sound Recording] (The Open University). Wikipedia, 2014. Neolithic Revolution. [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution [Accessed 01 12 2014]. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp.189. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 177. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 186.

Solar Powered Housing Essays -- Energy Pollution Essays

Solar Powered Housing With the increasing energy consumption rates and increasing pollution rates as a result, it is important for our society to focus on cleaner, more renewable energy sources. Because households are a major consumer of energy throughout the world, families could contribute greatly to the use of renewable energy sources through the use of solar home systems. If more and more people agree to the use of solar home systems, our fossil fuel consumption rates will drop and we will notice profound improvements throughout our environment. This essay will discuss various topics that are necessary in order to understand the function of a solar home system. First, for a solar home system to function effectively, one must first reduce the amount of energy consumed within the house. This can either be achieved through efficient house design or through efficient energy consumption. Efficient design features include proper sealing of windows, doors, and cracks, proper insulation, proper window design for passive heating, proper air infiltration, and the use of proper materials for heat absorption. By designing your house efficiently, you greatly reduce the amount of energy consumed and therefore reduce the cost and size of your solar home system. Efficient energy consumption is also extremely important when using a solar home system. Energy consumption can be greatly reduced by such acts as buying efficient appliances, keeping doors and windows closed to reduce heat loss, turning off lights and appliances when they are not needed, and turning down A/C levels. These acts also contribute greatly to a reduction in the size and cost of your solar home system. The basic idea behind solar home systems is th... ...reducing the use of fossil fuels while still meeting their energy needs, should definitely consider the use of an SHS in their home. Works Cited About Photovoltaics. 25 October 2002. U.S. Department of Energy. . Advanced Energy Group. 1999-2002.

Julius Caesar: Synopsis Of Brutus :: essays research papers

Marcus Brutus, Caesar’s noble friend, joined the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar because of his love for Rome. The Lives of the Greeks and Romans gives a very good description of Brutus; it was not far off what Shakespeare describes Brutus as. Plutarch described Brutus as A marvelous lowly and gentle person, noble minded, and would never be in any rage, nor carried away with pleasure and covetousness; but had ever an upright mind with him, and would never yield to any wrong or injustice. (p. 139) Brutus was a very respected and honest man. Casca, one of the conspirators, said that he was very respected by the people by saying â€Å"O, he sits high in all the people’s hearts, And that which would appear offence in us, His countenance, like richest alchemy, Will change to virtue and to worthiness.† (I, iii, l 157-160) Casca said this to Cassius. Marcus Brutus was very essential to the conspirators because this would have ensured that the people would listen to them. Brutus was also a true Roman. When Cassius and all of the other conspirators met Brutus at his house and all of them decided to murder Caesar, Cassius said that all of them should swear. Brutus then said, â€Å"No, not an oath: if the face of men, The sufferance of our souls, the time’s abuse—If these be motives weak, break off betimes,† (II, i, l 114-116) and â€Å"Than secret Romans, that have spoke the word And will not palter?† (II, i, l 125-126) Here, Brutus is saying t hat if they are true and honest Romans they do not have to take an oath, their word should be good enough.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brutus was the only man in the conspiracy with good intentions. Brutus wants to assassinate Caesar for the good of Rome. The other conspirators are all doing it for their own selfish reasons. Brutus’ motives, for joining the conspirators, indicate that he was very public-minded and morally conscientious. When Brutus says â€Å"But for the general. He would be crown’d: How that might change his nature, there’s the question:† (II, i, l 12-14) He was stating that it will be for the good of Rome to assassinate Caesar. Also he did not want their assassination to seem too gruesome, this shows he was morally conscientious. When Cassius said that they should also kill Antony, Brutus says â€Å"Our course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius†.

Soc Week 4 Paper

Week 4 Assignment 1 Soc 100 July 29, 2012 In this paper I will be discussing the article â€Å"Study of delinquent, diverted, and high-risk adolescent girls: Implications for mental health intervention†. I will start by giving a brief summary of the article I have chosen. Followed by discussing the type of article this is and my conclusion I have drawn form the information found in this article.Lastly I will discuss how this article fits into our sociology class as well as how this article differs from non-scholarly periodicals The article begins by describing the issue of increasing numbers of adolescent girls being entered into our nation’s juvenile judicial system. The study aims to assess the most common risk factors that are affecting adolescent girls being entered into the juvenile judicial system. It also aims to find the effectiveness of the prevention factors in place to keep adolescents out of the system.For the study a survey was administered over the course of nine months to a hundred and fifty-nine adolescent girls. These adolescent girls were broken into three categories delinquent, diverted and high-risk. Delinquent girls are the girls that have been entered in the juvenile justice system in some form ranging from home care to a penitentiary. The diverted girls group consists of girls that have engaged in behaviors that have brought them to the attention of the juvenile justice system but instead of being entered into the judicial system were referred to some form of community-based services.Lastly is the high-risk group which are girls are receiving services in programs as a result of problems or behaviors that have them at risk of involvement with the juvenile justice system. The risk factors assessed included delinquent behavior, experiences of discrimination, negative life events, child trauma such as abuse or neglect, depression and suicide attempts just to name a few. Some of the protective factors assessed included mental hea lth services used, positive school experiences, positive peer involvement and rational coping behaviors.The results from the surveys provided the information that on average the girls in all program types reported mild to moderate levels of depression, but girls in closed residential juvenile justice placement were significantly more depressed than girls involved in the home-based programs. Another surprising result was that nearly one third of the total sample had reported that they have considered suicide. In almost every scenario girls in closed residential juvenile justice placement experienced higher numbers in child trauma, negative age and peer relations, delinquent behavior etc. he only factor that all the girls represented similar experiences were in the form of discrimination. All girls reported some form of discrimination but no one group reported increased amounts. This article is a combination of previous research and new data because though this research added the elem ent of high risk adolescents there has been previous research done dealing with delinquents and diverted adolescents.I also like the article stated find the research to be incomplete in that no true definitive conclusions can be drawn from the limited samples taken solely in this study. From this article I believe that there should be more focus on understanding the risk factors that contribute to delinquency in adolescents. I also believe there should be more preventive programs in place to help promote proper mental health for our adolescents which I believe will lead to less adolescents in our juvenile judicial system.Though we may not be able to stop the predisposed risk factors such as impoverished conditions, having unstable family systems, living in multiple out-of-home placements we can change the programs in place to better support adolescents in these situations. I believe this article enforces the concepts we have learned in chapter five on socialization. This article pro ves how much early childhood experiences and the family element play a role in development of adolescents. I believe more research in the mental development of underprivileged adolescents needs to be done.I am a firm believer that there are not enough programs in place to aid underprivileged children in this country and that we take too much of a one size fits all approach in development of our adolescents. Research like this proves there are mental development differences dependent on your upbringing and early family element and more work needs to be done to aid these adolescents. From my experience I generally find the material in scholarly periodicals has more reliable information than non-scholarly periodicals.I find that the scholarly periodicals are usually written by or reported by the people actually performing the research. Non-scholarly periodicals are generally written for the general public and usually are a summary of information found elsewhere. I find both scholarly a nd non-scholarly periodicals to be very similar in many aspects simply because the main goal is to get the information out. This being said it not uncommon to find flashy titles or distinguishing fonts to help draw and audience.I believe this paper provides a clear explanation of the concepts expressed in the article as they pertain to adolescent girls involved in the juvenile judicial system. From the results of the study I believe that it is clear that this is a rising issue and without a push to better the situation it will only get worse. Work Cited: Ruffolo, Mary C. , Sarri, Rosemary. , Goodkind, Sara.. â€Å"Study of delinquent, diverted, and high-risk adolescent girls: Implications for mental health intervention. † Social Work Research 4(2004):237. eLibrary. Web. 29 Jul. 2012.

Educating Rita †the Consequence of Change Essay

Belonging implies change, and change rarely comes without consequence. The progression to belong into a now culture or place may be physical, emotional or mental. Rita, driven by feeling inadequate is the main character in Willy Russell’s play, Educating Rita. She achieves a successful move into her new world. However, she must overcome change which will come at a personal cost. Throughout the play Willy Russell depicts many themes; these include relationships, choice and consequence, social class and change. These themes are constantly seen in â€Å"good will hunting†, directed by Gus Van Sant. Staring Matt Damon who plays â€Å"will hunting†, an abused foster child, he subconsciously blames himself for his unhappy upbringing and turns this self-loathing into a form of self-sabotage in both his professional and emotional life. The story is about his challenge to break from his working-class culture and move on. However, he will face many changes through-out his quest to belong. Relationships can mould or trigger change, and change is seen throughout Educating Rita. Rita embarks on an Open University course as she wants more out of her life. Rita see’s education as an exit route from her current life, she is â€Å"out of step† with her husband, family and friends – Rita wants to â€Å"discover [herself] first†, before wanting to compensate with having a child with Denny. Denny’s obsession of one day settling down with a family leads to the later divorce and failure of their marriage. Rita’s initial depiction of Denny towards Frank was that Denny â€Å"was blind†, Rita differentiates herself by stating that â€Å"[she ] wants to see†. Denny does not understand nor is willing to negotiate or communicate with Rita throughout act one, Denny’s aggressive behaviour leads to the savage action of burning her books, in scene five, and later Rita’s moving out of the house. This change was a consequence of Rita’s action to educate herself, despite Rita’s suffering she is still sympathetic and forgiving towards Denny, this is reinforced by Rita describing where â€Å"the girl he married has gone too† and she later states â€Å"he said I’d betrayed him. I suppose I had†. Throughout act one the audience is accounted for the growing bond between Rita and Frank. In act one scene one the stuck door is a metaphor for the effort required to change. Rita is confronted by a physical barrier which she would later overcome. Rita’s relationship with Frank develops throughout the play, she is uncomfortable in the first scene of act one, as she is unfamiliar with her surroundings. Rita’s discomfort is depicted through her agile talking, swearing and her constant moving about, this is evident through scene one as Rita feels â€Å"nervous† as she was â€Å"testing† frank. Rita is initially physically separated from Frank; there is an intangible barrier between Rita and Frank. However, this is quickly diminished as their relationship develops, this is evident as throughout the play, Rita starts to become less nervous and starts to sit down next to Frank, Rita stops â€Å"talking at† Frank and starts â€Å"talking [with]† him. Despite Rita’s lost relationship with Denny and a growing bond with Frank, Rita is still definitely torn between two worlds, this is evident through act one scene seven where Rita states that she is a â€Å"half-cast†. Rita’s experience in London at summer school is significant as this is the beginning of a new Rita , however , it is also the beginning of a drift in Rita’s and Franks relationship. She is able to gain confidence to talk â€Å"sophisticatedly†, this boost in confidence gave her the courage to talk and meet new friends, creating a new circle of friends for Rita. This means Rita is less dependent of Frank; this is evident through her late appearances to their tutorials or not attending at all. Frank confronts Rita complaining â€Å"†¦ that there was a time when you told me everything†. Franks view of Rita changes as the play progresses, Frank is disenchanted with Rita’s transformation under the influence of Trish and Tyler. Rita, for her part, has lost her initial respect towards Frank, this is evident as Frank is constantly drinking and smoking, whereby Rita is trying to keep clean and â€Å"change for the better†. Relationships encounter difficulties which make it harder to belong; however, the nature of relationships alters due to the individual’s choices and the consequences which follow as a result. Rita’s motivations in moving into the world are to achieve some sort of choice about the direction her life will follow. Rita does not want to follow her working-class path of blindness; instead she wants to achieve an education so that she is prone to more informed choices. Rita’s choice to enrol in an Open University course is the first stage of choices; this choice was subsequently looked down upon by Denny. However, even though Rita enrolled to the course she is faced with the consequences of both Denny and actually completing the course, even after she was accepted to the course she was compensating to â€Å"pack the course in†, coming very close to doing that in act one scene seven. However, the sight of her mother’s disappointment of not â€Å"singing a different song† is evidence of her unhappiness towards the culture. This scene is the ultimatum Rita is faced with, she is forced to make a decision between her working class and the middle class, as she is nether belonging to the working nor the middle class. This is evident as she states that she is a â€Å"freak† and a â€Å"half-cast†, however, her mother’s unhappiness is a key influence to her decision to stay at the Open University. To Rita the availability of choice is something of a luxury, she has no plan to what she is going to after she finishes the course†¦ However, Rita pampers to the availability of choices. This is evident in the last scene, where Rita is going to do her exams, she does not know what she is going to do for Christmas, however, she says, â€Å"i dunno. I’ll make a decision, I’ll choose. † This reinforces Rita’s luxury of â€Å"choice†. Rita’s choice to study has huge consequences in her personal life. This caused friction with her husband, which later is the key factor to the breakdown of the marriage. The alienation of Rita from her family and friends is yet another consequence of her choice to study. Rita’s alienation is seen in act one scene seven, as Rita cannot find a place to belong, she feels â€Å"out of step†, from both her family and Frank/upper class, describing herself as a â€Å"half-cast†. Rita’s and Frank’s bond slowly diminishes and they both drift away from each other, to a point where frank starts calling her different names. Frank is open too Rita, subsequently Rita is not, Frank feels his â€Å"creation† had turned out to be a â€Å"monster†. Frank decides to call himself â€Å"Mary Shelly†, this is significant as Frank has related Rita and himself to a gothic number called â€Å"Frankenstien†. Franks allusion shows the audience that Rita has â€Å"changed for the worst†. Throughout Educating Rita, there is heavy emphasis of moving into a different social class. Rita is dissatisfied with the limitations she faces within her current working class life. She doesn’t fit in with her peers in her working class neighbourhood; this is evident in act one scene two where she acknowledges that most of her peers would have had a baby, Rita on the other hand wants to â€Å"discover [herself]† and wants â€Å"a better way of livin’†. She attempts to explain her restlessness to Denny, but Denny’s interpretation of Rita’s materialistic terms as just simply saving up and â€Å"moving to a better neighbourhood†. Rita feels congested on the moral values of the working class culture she is a part of. This is evident in act one scene four, she depicts her class as everyone wanting to have a baby, she says that â€Å"everyone expects it†, everyone expects Rita to settle down to a life of marriage. Rita strives for a better social class, one which she can connect with, feeling a large sense of belonging, her desire for a better way of living leads her into the world, letting her husband, Denny behind she can only go forward. As she progresses through her Open University course, she starts to feel more of a â€Å"half cast†, belonging in nether class. She cannot relate to her working class friends, however, she also cannot speak the language of the middle class. Rita’s view of the working class if very critical, she completely denies their culture claiming that she see’s â€Å"everyone pissed†¦ because their lives have no meanin’†. Her view on education is a view of â€Å"setting her free†. In Rita’s first tutorial, she looks outside Franks window peering at the students on the grass, stating; â€Å"god, what’s it like to be free? † an ironic view because Frank is not free, and only restricted as he is unsatisfied with his job, drinking his way though each day. Whilst educating Rita provides the audience with a good account of an individual’s progression to belong to a new culture, â€Å"good will hunting† portrays a complementary account. Like Rita, â€Å"Will hunting† is from the working class culture. Good Will Hunting is a poetic story of a young man’s struggle to find his place in the world by first finding out who he is. This is the case for Rita, she is trying to â€Å"discover herself† . The movie is a journey through the mind of Will Hunting as he is forced to endure therapy instead of jail. With the help of the psychologist, played by Robin Williams, Will discovers himself and realizes his value in the world by understanding what matters to him most. An abused foster child, he subconsciously blames himself for his unhappy upbringing and turns this self-loathing into a form of self-sabotage in both his professional and emotional life. The story is about his challenge to break from his working-class culture, Will Hunting emphasises the elements within â€Å"Educating Rita†, although Will is a troubled genius, they both hold the same characteristics. Will, like Rita experiences the hardships of belonging to a new culture, Will Hunting is also faced with an Ultimatum; Will doesn’t see the opportunities which lie ahead of him, blinded by his path. However, he is put straight by his best mate; Chuckie who states â€Å"Look – you’re my best friend, so don’t take this the wrong way. In twenty years, if you’re still livin’ here, comin’ over to my house, still workin’ construction, I’ll kill you. That’s not a threat I’ll kill you†. This harsh statement is the turning point for Will. Will is completely different to Rita; they are both worlds away from each other. However, in both cases, moving onto a new world involves painful change before moving forward. In both these accounts, moving into a new world involves difficulties and challenges, both characters strive for an education to achieve their desired outcome. Rita achieves her ultimate goal of having â€Å"choice† through education. Will Hunting in â€Å"good will hunting† is forced to take upon education to strive for a better class, to open his opportunities. In both these cases, we see that to go into a new world is overwhelmed by difficulties, but it could also bring their desired reward.